jian du meaning in English

杜剑

Findings are : ( 1 ) written word , chirography ' s development process : ja - gu - wen ( inscriptions on bone or tortoise shells ) jin - wen ( bronze inscription ) zhuan shu li shu ( an ancient style of calligraphy ) , ( 2 ) material flux ' s affection process : bone bronze jian du ( wood , bamboo ) , silk book ( silk ) , stele carving ( stone ) paper , ( 3 ) technology flux ' s affection process : carve model cast write , ( 4 ) written - word use for common people , ( 5 ) chirography ' s artistic change ( change to calligraphy ) , ( 6 ) difference and valuation of occupation or interest ( writing craftspeople and calligrapher )
研究结果如后述： ( l )文字、书体的演变过程：甲骨文金文篆书隶书， ( 2 )材料变迁的影响过程：甲骨青铜简牍（木、竹）、帛书（丝）、碑刻（石）纸， ( 3 )技术变迁的影响过程：契刻范铸书写， ( 4 )文字使用的平民化， ( 5 )书体的艺术化（书法化）， ( 6 )职业或兴趣所形成的差异与评价（书匠与书法家）。